History

Fingerprints in Computers and Phones (Modern Biometrics)
In recent decades, fingerprint identification has moved from police files into everyday life as a biometric security measure. The first use of fingerprints…

International Standards and the Advent of AFIS
As fingerprint bureaus grew in each country, the need for international standards emerged so that agencies could share and compare records globally. Early…

Establishment of National Fingerprint Databases
As fingerprint use became routine, agencies began building large-scale fingerprint databases to store and search prints. The first official fingerprint bureau in the…

Early Legal Acceptance of Fingerprints (1900s)
Once pioneers like Galton, Vucetich, and Henry had proven fingerprints’ utility, the method had to gain acceptance in courts and legal systems. The…

The William and Will West Case (1903) – Fingerprints vs. Bertillon
By the early 1900s, fingerprints were competing with the Bertillon anthropometric system as the preferred method of criminal identification. A turning point came…

Sir Edward Henry (1850–1931) and the Henry Classification System
By the end of the 19th century, police in various parts of the world were using fingerprints, but a unifying classification was needed…

Juan Vucetich (1858–1925) and the First Criminal Fingerprint ID
While Galton was publishing in England, fingerprinting also took hold across the Atlantic. In 1891, Juan Vucetich, a statistician working for the police…

Sir Francis Galton (1822–1911) and Fingerprint Classification
In the late 19th century, British scientist Sir Francis Galton took Faulds’ and Herschel’s observations to the next level by applying statistical analysis….

Henry Faulds (1843–1930) and the First Forensic Fingerprint Research
By the 17th century, European scientists began examining the structure of human skin. In 1687, Italian anatomist Marcello Malpighi studied the tiny ridges…
Dr. Marcello Malpighi’s Observations (1680s)
By the 17th century, European scientists began examining the structure of human skin. In 1687, Italian anatomist Marcello Malpighi studied the tiny ridges…

Sir William Herschel (1833–1917) and Early Fingerprinting in India
In the mid-19th century, Sir William James Herschel, a British officer in colonial India, made the first practical use of fingerprints in modern…

Early Uses of Fingerprints (Ancient Times)
Centuries before scientific study, ancient civilizations used fingerprints for practical purposes. In Babylon and ancient China, people pressed fingertip impressions into clay tablets…